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Dengue e zika: ABES alerta sobre a importância do saneamento básico no combate às doenças

Problemas de infraestrutura, como abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário e coleta de resíduos sólidos, são ainda aspectos que favorecem a proliferação de doenças e do mosquito Aedes aegypti nas cidades.

A Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES vem a público manifestar-se: só ganharemos a guerra contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti com saneamento básico.

A iniciativa da ABES busca concentrar esforços para conscientizar a sociedade de todo o Brasil de que somente por meio do saneamento básico mudaremos o cenário epidemiológico de expansão de doenças cujos agentes são transmitidos pela falta de saneamento , exemplo o mosquito Aedes aegypti, como zika e chikungunya, além da já conhecida dengue. O estado de alerta em que se encontra o país demonstra que persiste a necessidade de investimentos em saneamento básico para as cidades brasileiras.

Em 2001, políticas públicas surgiram através de uma orientação da Organização Mundial da Saúde para a erradicação do Aedes aegypti. No entanto, esta opção não se tornou viável ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, a orientação nacional é para o controle do mosquito vetor. “Enquanto o poder público busca soluções para as demandas isoladas, o mosquito vai sobrevivendo. Sua característica biológica, que permite que os ovos permaneçam em ambiente seco por mais de 500 dias, permite a sua viabilidade após muitos meses, o que faz com ele possa ser transportado por via terrestre ou marítima ampliando sua distribuição geográfica”, afirma Dante Ragazzi Pauli, presidente nacional da ABES.

No abastecimento de água, o pior problema para o combate à dengue é o abastecimento irregular, como falta ou intermitência de água, porque leva a população a usar caixas d’água, potes e barris. E, sem tampas ou mal tampados, esses reservatórios são ideais para o mosquito Aedes aegypti procriar devido à água parada, limpa e em pouca quantidade. O mosquito só deposita seus ovos em recipientes de água potável e não potável, mas com pouco material em decomposição, por isso que esgotos também devem ser considerados.

Nos resíduos sólidos, o problema está na coleta irregular de resíduos, no acúmulo de resíduos como garrafas plásticas, embalagens, pneus e outros recipientes, nos quais a água da chuva se acumula. Isso ocorre tanto em imóveis como nas ruas e áreas de depósitos de lixo irregulares.

“Não há sustentabilidade financeira e ambiental para que servidores da saúde, o exército ou outros agentes estejam a cada dez dias visitando todas as casas no país para removerem focos do mosquito”, ressalta o presidente da ABES.

Ele explica que o controle com inseticidas é realizado apenas pelos órgãos de Vigilância em Saúde nos municípios, de acordo com orientações do Ministério da Saúde, quando houver casos confirmados de doentes. Isso porque o inseticida atua apenas na forma adulta do mosquito, e não é eficiente para ovos e pupas (fase intermediária entre a larva e vida adulta). Porém, muitas pessoas acreditam que a aplicação dos produtos é a solução do problema, o que tem levado ao seu uso indevido e a contaminação ambiental.

Além disso, o uso indiscriminado de larvicidas pelos agentes de saúde reforçam, na população, o sentimento de que apenas o uso de produto químico pode resolver o problema. “Esta concepção errônea reduz o comprometimento necessário pelo cuidado constante de prevenção nas casas pelo morador e dificulta a redução da infestação do mosquito”.

Dante pontua que as ações de controle do mosquito envolvem tanto as políticas públicas de saúde como de saneamento, mas elas ainda não se conversam, quanto a ação individual e comunitária. “Promover o saneamento é a melhor campanha sanitária contra essas doenças”, finaliza.

A campanha Mais Saneamento, menos zika foi lançada pela ABES dia 3 de março, com uma roda de conversa na ABES-SP (veja aqui)

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7 Trackbacks & Pingbacks

  1. Sábado será Dia de Mobilização para Combate ao Aedes aegypti – ABES
  2. ABES promove em São Paulo roda de conversa sobre o saneamento e o combate à zika e à dengue – ABES
  3. ABES promove em São Paulo, com presença da CNBB e da Faculdade de Saúde Pública/USP, roda de conversa sobre o saneamento e o combate à zika e à dengue – ABES
  4. ABES-SP Subseção Vale do Ribeira integra ações de combate ao zika vírus – ABES
  5. Léo Heller participa de debate online sobre saneamento como direito humano, dia 17 de março – ABES
  6. Com roda de conversa, ABES lança em São Paulo a campanha Mais Saneamento, menos zika – ABES
  7. “O saneamento não pode sair da pauta política e social do Brasil” – ABES

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