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ABES na mídia: artigo do presidente no UOL

Roberval Tavares de Souza, presidente nacional da ABES

O portal UOL publicou hoje  o artigo “Saneamento público ou privado? O que importa é ser eficiente”, do presidente nacional da ABES, Roberval Tavares de Souza.

Leia aqui e abaixo, na íntegra.

Saneamento público ou privado? O que importa é ser eficiente

Uma das grandes discussões históricas do saneamento ambiental no Brasil é se ele deve ser público ou privado. Considerando o cenário desolador do país nesse quesito, a discussão deve ser outra: a eficiência da prestação de serviços, independentemente da natureza do operador. Temos bons e maus exemplos de operadoras eficientes públicas e privadas do Brasil e no mundo.

Segundo o SNIS (Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre o Saneamento), a média brasileira de acesso à água potável é de 83%, apenas 50% têm coleta de esgoto, 41% contam com tratamento de esgoto e 74% dos domicílios têm coleta de lixo.

Os números e estatísticas acabam de ser corroborados pelo Ranking de Eficiência dos Municípios (REM-F), divulgado pela Folha em agosto. A metodologia utilizada pelo jornal, em conjunto com o Datafolha, classificou 5.281 municípios (95% do total de cidades brasileiras) de acordo com indicadores de saúde, educação e saneamento. Combinados, esses indicadores são divididos pela receita per capita de cada prefeitura, e o resultado mostra quem entrega mais à população nesses setores, gastando menos dinheiro.

O assustador é que, em uma escala de 0 a 1, apenas 24% dos municípios encontram-se na faixa acima de 0,50, podendo ser considerados “eficientes”. Os demais entram nas faixas “alguma eficiência”, “pouca eficiência” e “ineficiente”. Para o cálculo, foi atribuído peso dois à educação e saúde porque esses setores têm despesas vinculadas às receitas dos municípios, sendo obrigação constitucional o investimento.

Quando analisamos somente os dados de saneamento, no qual o operador pode ser a própria prefeitura, empresas ou autarquias municipais, companhias estaduais ou empresas privadas, verificamos que o alcance do fornecimento de água tem média de 82% entre os de maior REM-F, e 43% entre os piores. A rede de esgoto cobre, em média, a maioria das residências em cidades com índice de eficiência superior a 0,50. Já para as que têm pontuação de até 0,30, essa média cai para apenas 7%.

Assim, os números do REM-F não só comprovam os demonstrados pelos SNIS, como demonstram a correlação direta entre bons indicadores e a eficiência da gestão pública, com impactos na qualidade de vida da população.

Os melhores classificados em saneamento estão no Sudeste, que o ranking elaborado pela Folha demonstra ser a região com maior eficiência: São Caetano do Sul, em São Paulo, tem o maior índice, com nota 1. Serrana (SP) e Igaraçu do Tietê (SP) tem 0,992; Águas de São Pedro (SP), Santa Cruz de Minas (MG) e Américo Brasiliense (SP) têm nota 0,991 –neste caso, todas operadoras públicas.

Os piores em saneamento no REM-F estão no Nordeste: Santo Amaro do Maranhão (MA), com 0,065; Queimada Nova (PI), 0,070; São Félix das Balsas (MA), com 0,072; Marajá da Serra (MA), com 0,073 e Massapê do Piauí (PI), com 0,076 –sendo todas operadoras públicas vinculadas ao município.

Ainda temos 34 milhões de brasileiros sem acesso à água potável. Somente com uma boa gestão e capacidade técnica será possível investir os mais de R$ 500 bilhões apontados no Plansab (Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico) como necessários para que se alcance a universalização do saneamento no país.

São recursos que devem ser bem aplicados, de forma eficiente, para que atinjam o seu propósito. Modelos eficientes de gestão devem ser multiplicados em todo país. As operadoras devem adotar práticas de excelência da gestão em saneamento ambiental para implantar boa operação no sistema existente e garantir a implantação de novos sistemas na busca pela universalização.

A situação do saneamento pede responsabilidade e eficiência. Nesse contexto que acabamos de mostrar, comprovadamente já existem atores públicos e privados que atendem a esses requisitos. A Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES, que há 50 anos vem trabalhando pelo saneamento e pela qualidade de vida no Brasil, quer contribuir para isso, promovendo mais eficiência, com cumprimento dos instrumentos legais e atendimento com qualidade para a sociedade. Todos ganham com isso!

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  80. Muito bom e oportuno o artigo.

    Recentemente travei uma discussão sobre a questão da concentração populacional no Brasil, talvez o maior dos nossos problemas uma vez que provoca aumento na demanda por serviços notadamente segurança, habitação e mobilidade além de ser a grande responsável pela deterioração das metrópoles. Há quem defenda a ideia de que a pobreza brasileira migra para as metrópoles em busca de oportunidades, o que é uma meia verdade. As famílias migram por vários motivos entre os quais a sobrevivência. Os sucessivos governos porém tratam a questão que é flagrantemente social pela ótica da política imediatista que só olha pros números. Quanto mais gente aglomerada em bolsões de miséria nas metrópoles, melhor. Significa mais votos. O resultado de décadas de migração aí está: a megalópole paulista soma hoje irracionais 20 milhões de habitantes gerando gastos absurdos, ineficiência, insegurança, poluição de rios e córregos além da perda da qualidade de vida.

    Para ilustrar a ineficiência das metrópoles, basta olhar pro rio Tietê que já consumiu R$4 bi e ainda é um rio morto graças aos esgotos que são despejados no rio pelas cias. de saneamento. As cia. de saneamento não dão conta do serviço porque enquanto a população auemnta em velocidade exponencial, o saneamento básico está praticamente parado.

    O nordeste porém vive uma situação peculiar. O acesso à água no interior está sendo garantido pelas inúmeras cisternas entregues pela ASA – Articulação do Semi Àrido cuja meta é construir um milhão de cisternas. Falta levar saneamento básico para as comunidades através das velhas e boas fossas sépticas. Melhor pensar em soluções simples do que deslocar esses imensos contingentes populacionais para as grandes metrópoles do sudeste demandando obras de saneamento gigantescas, demoradas e de alto custo de implantação e manutenção.

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