Durante o webinar, especialistas abordaram as perspectivas para a universalização sustentável dos serviços de esgotamento sanitário com o uso do biogás, os impactos positivos que ele proporciona tanto do ponto de vista da viabilidade econômica para novos projetos de saneamento quanto para a mitigação de emissões de gases de efeito estufa e fomento da economia circular.
A produção de biogás a partir do tratamento do esgoto no Brasil foi tema do último webinar do Programa ABES Conecta de 2021, nesta quinta-feira, 16 de dezembro.
No evento, transmitido no canal da Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental no YouTube, foi lançada a Nota Técnica “Potencial de produção de biogás a partir do tratamento do esgoto: perspectivas para a universalização sustentável dos serviços de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil”. A iniciativa faz parte de um trabalho desenvolvido pela ABES, por meio da CT Tratamento de Esgotos, em parceria com a Associação Brasileira do Biogás (ABiogás), o Programa de Energia para o Brasil (BEP), o Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estações Sustentáveis de Tratamento de Esgoto (INCT ETEs Sustentáveis), o Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis – Biogás (CIBiogás), a Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (Sanepar), a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp) e o Projeto GEF Biogás Brasil, liderado pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MCTI) e implementado pela Organização das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (Unido).
Na abertura, Tamar Roitman, gerente executiva da Abiogás, e Michelli Fregnani, diretora administrativa-financeira do CIBiogás, agradeceram todos os parceiros e autores dessa Nota Técnica, destacando que o aproveitamento do biogás é uma das ferramentas para ajudar na universalização do saneamento no Brasil e suprir a demanda da população brasileira. E destacaram que, por isso o espaço concedido pela ABES em sua plataforma digital para debater o assunto é de fundamental importância para os players desse segmento.
As executivas explicaram como foi o processo de formatação do projeto e suas etapas, os profissionais envolvidos, quais são as expectativas e os próximos passos para implementação dos trabalhos embasados pelas orientações da Nota Técnica. Representantes das organizações envolvidas no desenvolvimento da nota técnica foram convidados para o webinar e comentaram sobre o papel de cada um nessa iniciativa e relevância do documento para o desenvolvimento sustentável do País.
Clovis Zapata, da Unido, que faz parte do projeto GEF Biogás Brasil, ressaltou que a ambição do setor de biogás é incorporar a inovação tecnológica para que ele possa se tornar viável do ponto de vista econômico e técnico, tratando o esgoto de forma mais eficiente do ponto de vista energético e viabilizando modelos de negócios específicos que podem trazer novas oportunidades de receitas, por exemplo. Segundo Zapata, a Nota Técnica demonstra a importância do uso energético do biogás nesse setor. “Apresenta uma série de benefícios em diversas frentes: dimensão econômica, tecnológica, energética, ambiental e social. O biogás é a melhor solução para o tratamento sustentável do esgoto no Brasil”, ressalta.
Celebrando a parceria e o lançamento da Nota Técnica, Clarissa Vargas, diretora do BEP, programa do Governo Britânico executado pelo Instituto 17 (i17) para apoiar a transição energética no País, avalia que foi uma honra ter participado desse esforço institucional, com uma diversidade de expertises e de colaborações. Ela destacou que para o biogás esse trabalho é ainda mais relevante por ser uma fonte de energia que pode ser gerada a partir de vários tipos de resíduos e ser utilizado de maneiras diversas. A especialista frisou que, por conta dessas atratividades, o BEP enxerga esse trabalho como uma contribuição muito importante para outro âmbito da parceria entre as entidades envolvidas, como ser viável em prol do desenvolvimento econômico sustentável, do crescimento limpo e da inclusão social e de gênero. “O biogás tem um potencial fantástico justamente por essa diversidade, que tem uma conexão muito forte desde o trabalhador rural até a relevância para a descarbonização do sistema de saneamento, das cidades, entre outros contextos”, observou.
Tamar Roitman, que representou Alessandro Gardemann, presidente da Abiogás, contou sobre o trabalho da associação em prol do fomento desta energia renovável no Brasil, seus desafios e oportunidades de projetos, que vão além do tratamento de esgoto e promovem o aproveitamento energético. De acordo com Tamar, a nota agrega valor relevante para mostrar que o processo de produção da estação de tratamento de esgoto pode contribuir também para as metas de descarbonização do país. “Esse trabalho vai contribuir sobremaneira para o setor de saneamento”, salienta.
Na sequência, Cristina Knörich Zuffo, superintendente de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação da Sabesp, ressaltou o trabalho da companhia para atender a todo o processo de descarbonização e frisou que o biogás é um grande potencial para as companhias de saneamento do país, destacando os números que a nota técnica apresenta sobre o mercado em nível nacional. Entre seus apontamentos, Cristina faltou sobre o projeto da Sabesp de transformar as grandes estações de tratamento de esgoto, principalmente as de lodo ativado, em estação de economia circular completas, onde o biogás é um dos componentes. “O potencial de produção dessas estações é muito significativo para uso final de biogás”, afirmou.
Claudio Stabile, diretor presidente da Sanepar, uma das empresas que já têm tradição na produção e uso energético do biogás, falou da experiência da companhia e suas expectativas olhando para o novo marco legal do saneamento, afirmando que o biogás integra uma visão estratégica de sustentabilidade que oferece resultados financeiros, ambientais e sociais. Nesse contexto, ele comentou as iniciativas já implementadas e em desenvolvimento no Paraná, e que transformam o biogás em energia elétrica, em calor para a secagem de lodo ou em biometano. “Isso mostra a capacidades que todos nós, do setor de saneamento, temos para fazer o uso eficiente e competitivo desse produto para geração de energia”, pontua.
A apresentação sobre a publicação da Nota Técnica foi feita por Camila D´Aquino, especialista e consultora no setor de biogás, que, em nome do grupo de autores, destacou entre os compromissos na agenda deste documento estão atender as metas de universalização do acesso aos serviços de esgoto sanitário de forma sustentável, e apontou também a estimativa de potencial de produção de biogás a partir do tratamento de esgoto no Brasil. Atualmente, esse potencial é maior que 490 Nm3/ano, que poderiam suprir o equivalente a mais de 1 milhão de MWh/ano de energia elétrica e/ou a substituição de mais de 347 milhões de litros de diesel. Para a consultora, os resultados atendem as expectativas de todos os envolvidos na execução do projeto diante de um ambiente diverso de instituições que possuem objetivos e atuações diferentes no universo do biogás. Camila mostrou também os desafios futuros para a concretização dos objetivos que estão elencados na Nota Técnica. “Conseguimos, neste momento, trazer um bom resultado para o setor de saneamento, que é primordial no desenvolvimento humano”, destacou.
O webinar teve ainda um bloco de debate técnico-institucional, o qual foi moderado por Leidiane Mariani, do i17/BEP, e por Gustavo Possetti, gerente de Pesquisa e Inovação da Sanepar, representante do INCT ETEs Sustentáveis e coordenador da Câmara Temática de Tratamento de Esgotos da ABES. O debate contou com as participações de Rafael González, presidente do CIBiogás, Hélinah Cardoso, diretora de projetos da agência de cooperação alemã GIZ, Rosane Ebert Miki, da Sabesp, além da consultora Camila D´Aquino.
Dentre outros aspectos, Rafael revelou que há conhecimento técnico, mercado, arcabouço legal e modelos de negócios consolidados no Brasil que possibilitam escalar o aproveitamento energético do biogás no setor de esgotamento sanitário. Além disso, ele falou que há oportunidades para que as estações de tratamento de esgoto sejam operadas como usinas de produção de energia, aptas a reduzir custos e gerar receitas. “Precisamos evoluir a visão para que as estações gerem oportunidades de negócios”, relatando ainda que o setor de saneamento pode, por meio do biogás, inclusive, se conectar com o modelo de transição energética do futuro associado com o hidrogênio verde.
Hélinah, por sua vez, abordou o tema a partir das políticas públicas e práticas vigentes na União Europeia, todas aplicáveis ao contexto brasileiro, ressaltando as estratégias de descarbonização como oportunidades para viabilização de negócios sustentáveis. “Não é apenas uma perspectiva de benefícios ambientais e ao clima. É uma perspectiva de inteligência em negócios”, disse a representante da GIZ ao discutir que o biogás no setor de saneamento pode orientar novos serviços, mais eficientes e competitivos, aderentes à transição de uma economia linear para uma economia circular.
Já Rosane relatou a experiência da Sabesp na produção de biometano na ETE Franca, destacando seu potencial de replicabilidade pelo Brasil, porém alertando para as diferentes realidades, a necessidade de planejamento e análise de cenários. “Esse projeto é possível de replicar, principalmente onde há um porte semelhante ao que temos por lá”.
Leidiane reforçou a importância da publicação da Nota Técnica para os setores de biogás e saneamento ambiental do país. A moderadora ainda destacou que “nós temos que nos unir para discutir os assuntos, reunir os conhecimentos, as capacidades e as ferramentas que temos em mãos para avançar”, ressaltando a colaboração interinstitucional para a realização do trabalho.
Gustavo, por fim, disse que a aplicação dos conceitos de economia circular associados com o tratamento do esgoto é uma tendência no país, afirmando que o biogás pode contribuir de forma efetiva para o aumento do acesso aos serviços de esgotamento sanitário a partir de bases sustentáveis. “O biogás é o combustível para promover o setor de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil”, concluiu o moderador.
Para fazer download da Nota Técnica, clique aqui
Para assistir o webinar completo, clique aqui
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