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Artigo: Sem regulação, sem garantias

Por Álvaro José Menezes da Costa

Quando se iniciaram por aqui as privatizações nas áreas de telecomunicações e energia elétrica, por exemplo, foram estruturadas as primeiras agências reguladoras de serviços públicos prestados por empresas privadas.

No setor de saneamento e por força do que pode ser considerar um avanço no entendimento de que a regulação é necessária, ainda que o prestador do serviços seja também um ente público, a lei 11.445/2007 definiu com propriedade a partir do seu artigo 9º uma série de procedimentos normativos que levam os serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário a ter como fundamentos o planejamento, a gestão dos serviços e a regulação. Esta trindade institucional pode ser um ciclo de excelência se de fato funcionar de forma conectada, conexa, interligada e ativa. Fazer isso é um desafio porque a própria lei definiu que o planejamento é municipal, a gestão pode ser pública ou privada e a regulação provida por agência do Estado ou do Município.

Vencer este desafio é um processo. Mesmo que a regulação não seja a atividade inicial desse ciclo, vale a pena começar registrando que um de seus papéis básicos segundo a lei 11.445/2007 no Art.25 é ter a atribuição de interpretar e fixar os critérios para que o definido no contrato seja fielmente cumprido.

E de onde vem o contrato? Vem do planejamento em decorrência de estudos de engenharia, economia, direito, meio ambiente e sociais com a finalidade de estruturar um projeto que possa levar a resultados planejados viáveis e justos para toda sociedade, definindo em um contrato e seus anexos as obrigações, metas de investimento e atendimento, além dos indicadores de gestão e controle da eficácia daquilo que está definido no contrato.

O que pode fazer com que o planejado e estruturado em um projeto possa acontecer? A gestão dos serviços executada por quem tem capacidade e que possua habilidade para fazer com que o que está contratado ocorra nos prazos previstos e com a qualidade estabelecida nas regras contratuais. Assim, sem planejamento real e exequível espelhado em planos municipais de saneamento que devem ser feitos com foco na realidade e compatibilizando a integração entre os serviços e utilidades públicas; sem prestadores de serviços – organizações públicas ou privadas – capacitados para fazer a gestão dos contratos cumprindo suas metas e alcançando indicadores; sem uma agência reguladora estruturada e consciente de seu papel de garantir que o contratado se efetive por seus indicadores e metas garantindo resultados para contratante, contratado e usuários, fica difícil melhorar os serviços de abastecimento de água e de esgotamento sanitário.

Não é para imaginar que se houver regulação tudo estará resolvido. Mas é necessário entender que as agências reguladoras precisam se capacitar para funcionar conforme a lei e a lógica. Além da capacitação das agências como ato interna corporis é preciso que os prestadores de serviços cada vez mais aprendam a trabalhar sob a regulação. Enfim, mesmo com as boas experiências que existem no Brasil, os exemplos de dificuldades e conflitos entre agências reguladoras e companhias estaduais de saneamento, serviços municipais e empresas privadas apontam para a falta de conhecimento dos papéis de cada um como um dos fatores mais relevantes para tais problemas.

Uma das soluções para mitigar esta condição e fazer com que o ciclo planejamento, gestão dos serviços e regulação ocorra à excelência, é sem dúvidas criar meios para levar conhecimento sobre regulação. É treinar. Capacitar.

A ABES – Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental por intermédio de um convênio firmado com o BID – Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, contratou a SIGLASUL para realizar um diagnóstico sobre a regulação no setor de saneamento e desenvolver um curso de capacitação em regulação para reguladores, regulados, planejadores e gestores de serviços públicos. O relatório de diagnóstico apresenta um retrato real da situação das agências reguladoras e as propostas obtidas nas pesquisas feitas durante esta fase do trabalho, contribuindo não só para verificar o estado da arte atual, mas para propor alternativas de melhoria.

O grande sucesso deste convênio está no curso iniciado em junho passado, ministrado na modalidade de EAD – Ensino a Distância, com mais de 100 participantes de todo país e reconhecido por alunos experientes em suas áreas de trabalho, inclusive agências reguladoras, que o conteúdo apresentado e a forma de capacitação é de excelente qualidade.

O setor de saneamento precisa se profissionalizar e abandonar definitivamente o seu caráter de serviço social de viés assistencialista. Este setor é essencialmente uma ação de saúde pública, de vigor socioeconômico e de equilíbrio ambiental, portanto seus gestores e equipes devem entender o seu compromisso com a eficiência e com resultados, que só serão alcançados se o ciclo planejamento – gestão dos serviços – regulação for de excelência.

_____________________________________________________________

Álvaro José Menezes da Costa é engenheiro civil e membro da Diretoria Nacional da ABES.

Para ler mais artigo de Álvaro, acesse:
http://www.ambienteonline.pt/canal/opiniao-brasil
www.ambienteonline.pt

 

 

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