
Por Sueli Melo
Na semana passada, dia 16 de maio, o Serviço de Limpeza Urbana do Distrito Federal – SLU, presidido por Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos, que também coordena a Câmara Temática de Resíduos Sólidos da ABES, assinou contratos com quatro Organizações de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis da capital federal. O evento ocorreu na associação Recicle a Vida, em Ceilândia. As cooperativas contratadas vão realizar os serviços de coleta, que haviam sido interrompidos em dezembro do ano passado, em cinco Regiões Administrativas: Samambaia, Candangolândia, Núcleo Bandeirante, Santa Maria e Brazlândia. As novas contratações representam uma importante conquista no horizonte da coleta seletiva para ambas as partes, segundo Heliana Kátia. Nesta entrevista, entre outros pontos, ela fala da sua atuação nesta iniciativa (o compromisso com a questão dos catadores faz parte do trabalho dela há mais de 20 anos) e ressalta a importância da participação da CT de Resíduos Sólidos neste cenário.
Confira a entrevista:
ABES Notícias – Qual é a importância do trabalho das organizações de catadores de materiais recicláveis? E da assinatura dos novos contratos?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos – A Lei 11.445, de 2007, prevê a dispensa de licitação para contratar a categoria de catadores para o processo de coleta seletiva. A Lei 12.305, de 2010, incentiva e prioriza estas contratações. Nós envolvidos com o setor de resíduos e articulados na CTRS da ABES sempre defendemos esta bandeira de valorizar e reconhecer o trabalho já realizado pelos catadores na maioria das cidades brasileiras. Portanto, esta contratação de 4 organizações de catadores no DF para realizarem a coleta seletiva em 5 Regiões Administrativas correspondeu à realização de um sonho nosso e dos catadores.
ABES Notícias – Qual foi impacto sofrido pelas regiões que tiveram os serviços suspensos em dezembro do ano passado?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos Na realidade, as Regiões Administrativas onde a coleta seletiva foi suspensa, correspondia exatamente àquelas onde a qualidade dos materiais coletados seletivamente deixava muito a desejar, pela pouca participação da população e pelos problemas na coleta com a mistura de resíduos, provocando o aumento dos rejeitos. Nesta nova proposta com as organizações de catadores, foram inseridos no contrato o processo de informação e mobilização da população pelos catadores, visando a sensibilização da população para aspectos sociais e ambientais.
ABES Notícias – Qual é o novo modelo adotado para o serviço?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos: O novo contrato altera a forma de pagamento pelos serviços. Nas 17 Regiões Administrativas do Distrito Federal onde a coleta é feita por empresas privadas o pagamento se dá pela massa dos resíduos coletados, isto é, quanto mais pesado o material mais a empresa recebe pelos serviços prestados. Agora, no contrato com as associações de catadores nas 5 RAs a coleta se dará em rotas onde existe a presença do comércio, de condomínios verticais e nas regiões com maior poder aquisitivo (onde o material seco se apresenta em maior quantidade de acordo com a caracterização dos resíduos feita pelo SLU, em 2015) e o pagamento será em função do cumprimento de rotas pré-estabelecidas com quantidades mínimas e crescentes a serem realizadas e não pela pesagem do material.

ABES Notícias – Em que consiste o projeto coleta seletiva inclusiva?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos – Diversos catadores já realizam de forma isolada ou em organizações a coleta seletiva em alguns locais da cidade, já triam todos os resíduos da coleta seletiva realizada pelo SLU e não eram remunerados pelo trabalho realizado. Agora, o SLU define os locais, as rotas, as periodicidades, as condições de trabalho e remunera os catadores pelos serviços prestados. Eles passam a ser reconhecidos como “prestadores de serviços públicos” de direito.
Para tanto, as condições de trabalho são exigidas e à medida que outras organizações de catadores existentes no DF se estruturem e demonstrem ter as condições necessárias do ponto de vista técnico, operacional e de saúde pública, novas contratações deverão ocorrer. Esta prioridade de contratação dos serviços com os catadores está prevista na legislação.
ABES Notícias – Poderia comentar sobre sua atuação nesta questão da contratação?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos – Este compromisso de reconhecer o trabalho dos catadores eu tenho desde que dirigi a limpeza urbana em Belo Horizonte (de 1993 a 1996). Foi um trabalho inédito quando à época alugamos galpões e fizemos convênio apoiando os catadores com a contratação de profissionais como contadores, assessores e até monitores para ficarem com as crianças filhas de catadores no contra turno. Apoiamos também a implantação de uma oficina para recuperar móveis descartados, e diversas atividades como o carnaval dos catadores e desenvolvemos todas as fantasias utilizando materiais recicláveis com o objetivo de dar visibilidade a este profissional na sociedade.
Esta é a segunda vez que dirijo um serviço de limpeza urbana. De lá para cá, 1996/2016 muita coisa mudou com a aprovação da Lei de Saneamento e a possibilidade de contratar os catadores dispensada a licitação. Me vi, então, na posição de realizar nosso sonho histórico (dos catadores e dos profissionais da limpeza urbana). Para isso foi necessário um longo trabalho de fortalecimento das organizações de catadores realizado em conjunto com diversos parceiros, para torná-las em condições de formalizarem um contrato com o poder público. O que mais contou foi o apoio do governador do Distrito Federal, Rodrigo Rollemberg, que também tem um trabalho anterior muito importante quando deputado distrital e senador no apoio aos catadores de material recicláveis. E desde que me convidou para dirigir o SLU do DF, me fez este desafio. Todas estas condições contribuíram para culminar no desfecho de realização destas contratações que são simbólicas. Agora é fazer acontecer o processo de coleta seletiva com eficiência, eficácia e efetividade e ampliar o trabalho com outras organizações, inclusive para o processamento dos materiais recicláveis coletados.
ABES Notícias – Como a Câmara Temática de Resíduos Sólidos participa nesta iniciativa?
Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos – Diversos colegas componentes das Câmaras Temáticas de Resíduos Sólidos da ABES nos estados têm enfrentado estes desafios e conseguido apoiar e contratar organizações de catadores. Por isso cada experiência serve para estimular os colegas e em especial os catadores para que eles possam efetivamente ser reconhecidos como prestadores de serviços públicos dentro de todas as condições exigidas para uma contratação com o poder público. Só temos a comemorar e agradecer o empenho dos catadores e de diversos colegas que estão nesta luta para mais esta conquista alcançada.
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