Alerta máximo em nosso continente. Cento e quarenta cidades da América Latina crescem atualmente em um ritmo acelerado, bem acima da média, e não conseguem criar infraestruturas que assegurem água potável e saneamento básico as suas populações.
A revelação foi feita pelo professor Gustavo Mendez, especialista do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) em palestra sobre Mudanças Climáticas e Saneamento Ambiental, nesta terça-feira, no 28º Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, no Riocentro, Rio de Janeiro. O Congresso segue até quinta, dia 8, discutindo a crise hídrica, as alterações climáticas e a gestão do saneamento.
Segundo Mendez, o BID tem montado uma espécie de banco de dados sobre a questão climática na América Latina e chegou à conclusão de que 200 milhões de pessoas, de um total de 600 milhões, irão precisar de programas de água e saneamento nas próximas duas décadas – 30 milhões em água segura e potável e mais 106 milhões em saneamento, além de investimento em programas de “água desiguais”- aquelas que estão disponíveis apenas em uma parte do dia, como acontece muito em São Paulo.
Para enfrentar esse desafio, o BID estima ser necessário investimentos de 77 milhões de dólares até 2030 – cinco bilhões por ano -, sendo que 42 milhões em saneamento, especialmente em grandes cidades como Medelin, Montevideo, São Paulo e Santiago. Até o momento, os investimentos programados são de U$ 90 milhões em três milhões de hectares onde serão criados 50 fundos permanentes de água.
Para Mendez, o tema é muito oportuno para o Brasil, que está experimentando os efeitos das mudanças climáticas de maneira extrema. “Em São Paulo a seca segue sendo um tema muito importante, estão sendo empregados esforços para os investimentos, discussões e um debate muito intenso e profundo acerca da crise hídrica: o que poderia ter sido feito? O que estamos fazendo agora? O que ainda pode ser feito?”
O especialista do BID elogiou o 28º CBESA. “É um evento importante para o Brasil, temos estimado cerca de 4 mil pessoas que estão assistindo esse congresso da ABES. Sou engenheiro vinculado à área sanitária, desde muito jovens sempre escutamos sobre esse evento no Brasil, um dos maiores do mundo e, agora, pela primeira vez, estou no evento e estou conferindo, verificando que sim, é muito grande, com participação massiva e a qualidade do debate é também impressionante, os temas são muito relevantes e os conteúdos são muito sofisticados e oportunos. Estamos muito felizes de poder contribuir um pouquinho para esse evento.”
Henry Moreno, especialista do BID na Argentina, também parabenizou a ABES pela iniciativa. “É o evento mais importante do setor de saneamento na América Latina e o Banco Interamericano sempre busca essas oportunidades para tratar de gerar em todos nós uma consciência sobre a necessidade de manter uma prioridade constante em relação à água e ao saneamento. Nós temos como prioridade algumas temáticas, como água, saneamento e mudanças climáticas. Obviamente eventos como esse, onde se encontram reunidos governos, empresas de setores público e privado, academia, profissionais do setor de água e saneamento são uma plataforma importante para o Banco, para disseminar o que fazemos.”
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