Iniciativa integra a campanha nacional da entidade “Brasil, te quero livre de Lixão”. Objetivo é criar um banco de dados unificado com a localização geográfica destas áreas.
Por equipe de Comunicação ABES
A Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES está desenvolvendo um projeto que visa mapear os lixões nos 5.570 municípios brasileiros. O objetivo é criar um banco de dados unificado com a localização geográfica destas áreas.
O projeto “Mapa dos Lixões” compõe a campanha permanente da ABES “Brasil te quero livre de lixão”. Com isso, será possível identificar quantos lixões existem no território brasileiro e onde estão.
Embora muitos municípios ainda apresentem formas inadequadas de disposição dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), algumas informações permanecem incertas. Entre elas, quantos lixões ainda existem e onde estão localizados. É o que afirma Adjane Damasceno de Oliveira, gestora do projeto Mapa dos Lixões e coordenadora da Câmara Técnica de Resíduos Sólidos (CTRS) da ABES Seção Goiás.
“O projeto é uma ferramenta que vai colaborar para o diagnóstico, conscientização e cobrança de ações concretas para que os lixões sejam encerrados no Brasil. Para que se faça um planejamento adequado, é necessário um diagnóstico adequado. Muito se fala em lixões, mas não sabemos quantos, ao certo, temos em nosso território e qual a localização destas áreas impactadas pela disposição inadequada de RSU”, explica Adjane.
“Desta forma, esta é uma etapa essencial para a proposição de soluções efetivas, afinal, além dispor os rejeitos em aterros sanitários, é necessário encerrar os lixões de forma correta, promovendo a reabilitação das áreas. Este é um processo que envolve questões políticas, ambientais, sociais e econômicas. Esperamos que estes dados quantitativos e geográficos possam subsidiar políticas públicas, investimentos e pesquisas futuras”, afirma também.
O desenvolvimento da proposta teve início em 2022. No primeiro semestre de 2023, a ideia foi concretizada no formato do projeto “Mapa dos Lixões”. Apesar de não ser uma informação complexa, em um país de dimensão continental, obter esse dado não é uma tarefa simples, segundo Adjane.
“É um montante significativo de dados, de interlocutores, de possíveis fontes de informações a serem gerenciados, com uma equipe compacta trabalhando de forma voluntária. Até o momento, desenvolvemos e aprovamos o projeto junto à diretoria da ABES, desenvolvemos logomarca, criamos uma planilha de coleta de dados, e iniciamos o levantamento de dados junto aos órgãos ambientais estaduais brasileiros”, detalha a gestora da iniciativa.
Portanto, a proposta é trabalhar com dados secundários, uma vez que não há recursos humanos e financeiros para percorrer o país em busca destas informações. Em julho, a ABES encaminhou um ofício aos órgãos ambientais estaduais brasileiros e, à medida em que estes dados forem recebidos, serão analisados e validados para inclusão nos resultados do projeto.
“Também estamos estudando formas de disponibilização da informação para o público, que poderá acessá-la de forma gratuita e, também, contribuir para atualizar nosso banco de dados. A proposta é que o projeto seja uma ferramenta construída por nós e para nós, sociedade brasileira, e a ABES capitaneia esta atividade de forma a contribuir com a melhoria da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil”, conta Adjane.
“Brasil, te quero livro de lixão“
“Em maio de 2021, a ABES lançou a campanha nacional “Brasil, te quero livre de lixão”, uma iniciativa permanente, que vem trazendo várias etapas que devem ser executadas ao longo dos anos pelo país, com a organização e a coordenação das Câmaras Técnicas de Resíduos Sólidos de cada estado”, contextualiza a coordenadora nacional da Câmara Temática de Resíduos Sólidos da Associação, Roseane Garcia. “A ideia é promover a reflexão, levantar a questão dos lixões para que possamos mobilizar, participar e colaborar para o encerramento desses espaços”, reforça e destaca a questão dos catadores nesses lixões, lembrando que é preciso cadastrá-los e informar onde eles estão. “Então, teremos o programa Mapa dos Lixões, que é a identificação dos lixões com ou sem catadores, além da campanha Diadesol [Dia Interamericano de Limpeza e Cidadania], que visa estimular a conscientização de crianças e jovens e que é fundamental, como parte da campanha “Brasil, te quero livre de lixão”. Tanto o Mapa dos Lixões quanto o Diadesol acontecem em vários estados promovendo essa questão da sensibilização sobre os resíduos”, enfatiza Roseane Garcia.
“Esperamos a colaboração de todos”, diz a coordenadora sobre o Mapa dos Lixões” – instituições, parceiros – para que junto possamos, de fato, trazer um material robusto que sirva para as políticas públicas e para a sociedade. A ideia do mapa é uma ideia orientadora”, conclui.
Como contribuir com o projeto
O projeto é fruto de uma parceria entre a ABES e a Associação Brasileira para Reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção Civil e Demolição (Abrecon). Empresas e instituições podem contribuir fornecendo dados sobre a localização geográfica de aterros e lixões (estejam eles encerrados, abandonados ou em operação), participando diretamente do projeto, propondo métodos, fornecendo recursos para melhoria da proposta em andamento e investindo em tecnologias para auxiliar no levantamento e disponibilização dos dados para a sociedade.
Pessoas físicas também podem apoiar o projeto e fazer parte da equipe. Este é um serviço voluntário, e toda forma de contribuição é bem-vinda. Para se voluntariar, basta entrar em contato pelos e-mails: mapadoslixoes@gmail.com e residuossolidosct@abes-dn.br.
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Gostaríamos de nós integrar nesse processo de mapeamento, vamos unir esforços institucionais e criar uma força tarefa no Amazonas para realizarmos esse mapeamento um curto período. Fomos contactados pelo ABES AM, teremos uma reunião no dia 26/07.