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Silubesa: Planejamento é essencial para tirar os resíduos das ruas

Painel sobre resíduos sólidos, coordenado por Heliana Kátia, coordenadora da CT Resíduos Sólidos da ABES

Uma empresa que conseguiu transformar problemas em soluções. Assim o vice-presidente diretivo da APESB, Fernando Leite, concluiu a apresentação do trabalho da Lipor, de Portugal, no XVII Silubesa – Simpósio Luso-Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, no Costão do Santinho, em Florianópolis (SC), promovido pela ABES em parceria com a Associação Portuguesa dos Recursos Hídricos – APRH e a Associação Portuguesa de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – APESB.
No primeiro painel do último dia do simpósio, coordenado por Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos, do SLU – Serviço de Limpeza Urbana/DF e coordenadora da Câmara Temática de Resíduos Sólidos da ABES, também participaram Mario Saffer (ENGEBIO) e o Prof. José Fernando T. Jucá (UFPE), abordando o tema “Planejamento e os Modelos de Gestão”.

O representante da Lipor mostrou em números o caso de sucesso: a empresa atende a cerca de 1 milhão de habitantes em oito municípios. Possui 3.516 ecopontos, 19 ecocentros e 19% da coleta é porta a porta, ou seja, na casa da população. “Num dos polos da Lipor, nós primeiro resolvemos os problemas de resíduos e, depois, recuperamos os grandes lixões. Nosso processo passa pela triagem de embalagens plásticas e metálicas, e esses materiais são encaminhados para indústria recicladora”, explicou Fernando Leite.

Além disso, a Lipor possui sistema integrado de gestão de resíduos e ações de sensibilização da população, com apoio das prefeituras, para separação e, depois, a reciclagem. “Desenhamos um projeto que livrasse as prefeituras dos resíduos.”
Leite afirmou que a companhia está focada em transportar as experiências da empresa para outros países. O projeto já foi apresentado em três oportunidades aos brasileiros. “A chave para o sucesso é planejar muito bem tudo. Fomos muitos firmes nos planos e nos projetos, estudamos todos os investimentos possíveis. Nossa administração tem como princípio a partilha de valores com a população. A Lipor gera cerca de 40 milhões de euros de resultados líquidos por ano, que são revertidos em apoio a projetos, como por exemplo, os culturais.”

José Fernando Jucá abordou o trabalho que é feito no Distrito Federal no tratamento de resíduos sólidos. “Tratamento exige informações e nós, no DF, tivemos todo tipo de informação, que é fundamental para diagnóstico e implementação.”
Para desenvolver o projeto foram analisadas as tecnologias de coleta em Brasília, os custos de rota, transporte, tratamento e reciclagem. Uma das propostas envolveu a descentralização dos aterros. “Aumentamos a capacidade das unidades de tratamento e passamos a ter linhas para mais triagem e compostagem. A ideia, em 2019 e 2020, é ter novo aterro sanitário no norte de Brasília e outras regiões administrativas e aumentar mais a capacidade de triagem e compostagem.”

Diretora da Serviços de Limpeza Urbana (SLU) de Brasília, Heliana Kátia Tavares Campos apresentou as unidades de tratamento de resíduos na capital federal, o manejo e os custos para os cofres públicos. “Conseguimos reduzir o custo médio per capita da limpeza urbana e do manejo dos resíduos em 2% (de R$ 441 milhões em 2014 para R$ 436 milhões em 2015). E completou: “Visitamos todas as 31 regiões administrativas de Brasília para apresentar o projeto SLU, levando o diálogo para as comunidades, com alunos, tentando chamar atenção para a importância da limpeza urbana. Criamos a campanha ‘Brasília Limpa: sua atitude faz a diferença’, com ações em diversas áreas da cidade. Estamos tentando fazer a nossa parte e estimulando a população a fazer a dela.”

Mário Saffer enalteceu os trabalhos apresentados pelos três palestrantes. Destacou o que é feito em Portugal pela empresa Lipor, os serviços e a gestão de resíduos em Brasília, com especial atenção para a apresentação dos custos na capital federal.

Heliana encerrou o painel agradecendo o convite da ABES para participar do XVII Silubesa e saudando a presença dos especialistas portugueses. Para ela, os convidados têm muito a ensinar aos brasileiros na questão do tratamento de resíduos sólidos. “Ficou clara a experiência da Lipor em Portugal, que faz um trabalho extraordinário. Foi possível saber onde queremos chegar, com serviços públicos de excelência. O Brasil caminha nesse sentido com leis que garantem investimentos, com mais gestão e transparência.”

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