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15º Seminário Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos traz insights de temas importantes para o setor no último dia do evento

19/11/2022 Redação ABES

Bioeconomia circular, resíduos da construção civil, PNRS e Lixiviados foram destaque no quarto e último painel do evento, realizado na manhã desta sexta (18). Em três dias, o evento, em formato híbrido (presencial, em Natal, e online) reuniu especialistas para discutir desafios e oportunidades desta temática frente ao Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento.

Sucesso de realização! Com o eixo central “Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos no Brasil: desafios e oportunidades frente ao Novo Marco Legal”, a ABES – Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, por meio da Seção Rio Grande do Norte (ABES-RN) e da Câmara Temática de Resíduos Sólidos, promoveu a 15ª edição do Seminário Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, entre 16 e 18 de novembro. Em formato híbrido, presencial no Museu de Minérios do RN (Campus Natal Central do IFRN), e com transmissão online em plataforma exclusiva, o evento contou com patrocínio do CTR Potiguar (Centro de Tratamento de Resíduos) e da Prefeitura de Natal, e apoio do Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, da Fundação de apoio ao IFRN – FUNCERN e do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte.

A íntegra do evento ficará disponível por 90 dias para o inscritos.

O quarto e último painel, no dia 18 de novembro, trouxe insights e traçou panoramas de temas relevantes para a gestão de resíduos sólidos. O Novo Marco Legal do Saneamento, aprovado em 2020, prevê a coleta de esgoto para 90% da população no Brasil e 99% de acesso à água até o fim de 2033. Cabem aos municípios e prestadores de serviços a limpeza urbana e o manejo de resíduos sólidos urbanos, que englobam manutenção de infraestruturas e instalações operacionais de coleta, destinação final ambientalmente adequada de resíduos sólidos domiciliares e de limpeza urbana, além da drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais e fiscalização preventiva de redes.

O painel foi coordenado por Claudia Coutinho Nóbrega, diretora da ABES-PB, e teve como debatedora Régia Lúcia Lopes, membro da Câmara Técnica de Resíduos Sólidos da ABES-RN.

Bioeconomia Circular

O primeiro bloco começou com a palestra de Selma Cubas (online), professora da Universidade Federal do Paraná e presidente da ABES-PR, sobre Bioeconomia Circular. A professora abriu sua apresentação falando da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) e dos exemplos já aplicados no Paraná no quesito dos “resíduos”. Classificou que o Brasil possui muitos avanços, porém ainda carece de aperfeiçoamento para melhor manejo desse sistema. “A Bioeconomia Circular tem tradição na União Europeia, como uso de biodigestores, redução de uso de recursos não renováveis, fortalecendo a competitividade e geração de empregos, e um foco importante é a garantia da segurança alimentar. Aqui temos também bons exemplos. A PNRS tem 12 anos, porém ainda não foi implementada em todo o País. No Paraná, houve uma reformulação entre 2020 e 2021, com muitas novas tecnologias e ainda tem, no Brasil, suas dificuldades. Já é comum a reciclagem no estado, pois conta com um histórico desde 1990 em torno dessas políticas”, destacou. “Com a pandemia, houve uma mudança de hábitos, mas ainda precisamos medir e aperfeiçoar esses parâmetros de gestão de resíduos”, completou a especialista.

Segundo a professora, no Brasil, a Bioeconomia Circular é mais apresentada pelo Ministério da Agricultura, que, em seu intento, trabalha com itens como a utilização de biodigestores. Contudo, os desafios são inúmeros, em especial no desperdício de alimentos, haja vista um universo de 33 milhões de brasileiros em situação de insegurança alimentar, enquanto se desperdiça 30% dos alimentos. “Isso quer dizer, que é desperdiçado o equivalente a um estádio do Maracanã por ano de comida, que poderia alimentar e salvar essas pessoas”, alertou Selma. Ela enfatizou algumas ações promovidas pela Secretaria Municipal de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, como restaurantes populares, 150 hortas urbanas, com ênfase no plantio de Plantas Comestíveis não Convencionais (PANCS) e Armazéns da Família.

Foi realizada uma pesquisa recente pela professora e sua equipe sobre o trabalho dessa secretaria e também no mercado de Curitiba e regionais, mensurando o desperdício de produtos, que incluíam desde frutas até borra de café. “Somente nos restaurantes populares, as sobras, se bem administradas, poderiam alimentar ainda mais pessoas”, salientou Selma Cubas. Uma das soluções propostas pela equipe é a criação de mesas solidárias e bancos de alimentos. “Tivemos também o apoio de ONGs, que nos auxiliaram não apenas na doação, mas também na implantação de cursos às pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade em cursos de culinária. Assim, o alimento que antes pararia no lixo está no prato e na capacitação de pessoas”, finalizou.

Resíduos e espaço urbano

Com o tema “RCCV (Resíduos da Construção Civil e Volumosos) – perspectivas e desafios da gestão ambientalmente adequada no espaço urbano”, a segunda parte do painel teve uma palestra de Raquel Guimarães, diretora de Planejamento da Fiscalização na Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte.

O assunto “Tratamento de Lixiviados com Tecnologia Osmose Reversa” foi o último tema do evento, palestrado por Waldyr Ramos Junior, analista de Operações AST Ambiente e mestrando em Engenharia Ambiental na UFRJ (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro).

O lixiviado falado por Waldyr é o chorume, resíduo que necessita de um tratamento diferenciado, por conta de sua complexidade fisioquímica e outros fatores, como a gestão dos resíduos sólidos gerados por esse resíduo. “Se a gente parar e perceber que boa parte do lixo recolhido vai para aterros clandestinos, já temos uma realidade poluidora imensa desse chorume não tratado. Esse resíduo, quando não tem esse tratamento, polui o lençol freático, escorre para os rios e impacta negativamente toda uma cadeia”, atentou o profissional em sua apresentação.

Ele pontuou algumas tecnologias importantes no tratamento do chorume, bem como suas limitações, sendo o tratamento biológico, carvão ativado, sedimentação, filtração, lavagem a gás, evaporação, incineração, oxidação química e osmose reversa (OR). 

“Nos deparamos com aterros no Brasil que enviam esse lixiviado para Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto de outros estados. Vale lembrar que as ETEs não têm a capacidade total de tratar esse resíduo, ou seja, são insuficientes desde o transporte desse poluente até o tratamento final”, explicou Waldyr. “No Brasil, muitas ETEs ainda utilizam a filtração, que não comporta a complexidade desse tratamento. Em resumo, todo esse processo torna-se perigoso”, disse , ressaltando que esse líquido conta com compostos prejudiciais à saúde humana, como amônia, CO2 e, inclusive, particulados como microplásticos.

O palestrante fez uma vasta explicação sobre a aplicabilidade da OR para tratar o chorume, que é focada na filtração dinâmica e transversal, usando tecnologia e equipamentos compactos e modulares, o que garante um tratamento mais completo desse resíduo, atendendo padrões mais rígidos de qualidade da água tratada.

O sistema Osmose Reversa desenvolvido pela AST Ambiente, sediada em Portugal, com unidade de operação em Niterói/RJ, está presente em estações brasileiras em Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Pará, Pernambuco e no Rio de Janeiro, sendo o primeiro sistema OR AST entrar em operação em julho de 2014, em São Gonçalo.

Encerramento

Régia Lopes fez um balanço do painel, enfatizando questões de temas sensíveis e que precisam ser tratados, como os aterros clandestinos, gestão correta desses resíduos e levar informações a todos os atores envolvidos. Ela moderou as questões do público – presencial e virtual – junto aos palestrantes.

O evento foi encerrado por Josivan Cardoso, diretor executivo e coordenador da Câmara Temática de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos da ABES, que agradeceu a todos pela presença no evento, bem como organizadores, patrocinadores e equipes técnicas. Ele representou transmitiu as palavras de Alceu Guérios Bittencourt, presidente nacional da ABES, parabenizando e agradecendo as articulações das regionais da Associação para a promoção e realização deste 15º SNRS, no Rio Grande do Norte. “O seminário mostrou sua importância salutar e trouxe grandes reflexões de temas que fizeram parte da grade técnica do evento. Agradecemos a todos que estiveram presentes, seja online, seja aqui neste auditório, que desde a inscrição se empenharam a vir até aqui e se descolarem por acreditar na qualidade e credibilidade desse seminário”, ressaltou Josivan Cardoso. 

Minicurso

O seminário contemplou também, nesta sexta-feoira, 18 de novembro, um minicurso gratuito para todos os inscritos no evento sobre “Cobrança pelo Manejo de Resíduos Sólidos”. A aula foi ministrada pelo professor Pedro Duarte, engenheiro ambiental e especialista em tratamento e disposição final de resíduos sólidos e líquidos. 

Visitas técnica

Neste mesmo dia, também aconteram duas visitas técnicas à CTR Potiguar e à COOCAMAR

A CTR Potiguar é uma unidade de tratamento de resíduos que já apresenta implantada a estrutura de aterro sanitário. O empreendimento está localizado no município de Vera Cruz/RN, com capacidade operacional de 1.200 toneladas por dia, recebendo resíduos de 13 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

Veja também: entrevista com Régia Lopes, coordenadora do evento, e Josivan Cardoso, diretor executivo da ABES, à TV TROPICAL RN – Balanço Geral Manhã, com Alanzinho do Povo e RN no AR com Mara Godeiro. Assista aqui.

 

 

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