Por Clara Zaim
A Câmara Técnica de Saúde Pública da ABES Seção São Paulo (ABES-SP) e a Câmara Temática de Saúde Ambiental da ABES (nacional), ambas coordenadas pela engenheira Roseane Garcia Lopes de Souza, promoveram, em parceria com o Centro de Referência em Segurança da Água — CERSA, da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, na última sexta-feira, dia 10 de novembro, a palestra “Priorização de Agrotóxicos para a Portaria 2914/11”. Realizado na Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP, o encontro teve apresentação da toxicologista ambiental Profª Drª Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro e comentários da toxicologista Prof. Dra. Maria de Fátima Pedrozo.
A engenheira Roseane Maria Garcia Lopes de Souza deu as boas-vindas e destacou que a Câmara Temática de Saúde Ambiental e o CERSA iniciam discussões sobre o Padrão de Potabilidade, uma vez que o Ministério da Saúde está fazendo a revisão da Portaria 2914/11.
O Prof. Pedro Caetano Sanches Mancuso, da Faculdade de Saúde Pública, iniciou abordando sobre a polêmica que envolve o tema. “Temos a obrigação de estudar o tema. As pessoas são radicais: ou são a favor ou são contra o uso dessas substâncias. A ideia é levantar a questão, estudar e procurar a solução. Trouxemos a discussão sobre o tema porque só o conhecimento pode trazer soluções. A palestra ajuda a entender essa problemática”, ressaltou professor.
A Profª Dra Gisela de Aragão discorreu sobre as dificuldades e o cenário dos agrotóxicos: são cerca de 381 agrotóxicos, 8 banidos e 19 ainda em uso, segundo a Portaria 2914/2011. “É preciso estudar o componente do agrotóxico, aplicar o processo de exposição, toxicidade e avaliação de risco. O objetivo é desenvolver uma abordagem preliminar, fazer uma avaliação do risco e calcular a exposição ao perigo (exposição x perigo), a exposição indireta (quantidade de uso, comportamento e destino) e a direta (ocorrência em água potável, perigo/toxicidade). É necessário contratar especialistas, criar uma lista de prioridades e buscar evidências para buscar soluções. Precisamos de dados de ocorrência.”
Gisela Aragão reforçou que é necessário estudar, discutir e ter mais conhecimento sobre o tema para enfrentar os problemas e encontrar soluções. “Temos que refletir sobre quais são as ações que devemos tomar para nos protegermos da exposição de agrotóxicos via água e percebermos que todos somos parte do mesmo problema. Precisamos começar a pensar é o que vamos regulamentar na água. As pessoas têm uma preocupação sobre se bebem ou não agrotóxico.”
Para a Profª Dra Maria de Fátima Pedrozo, que comentou a apresentação, a discussão é fundamental para se situar sobre a exposição às substancias e entender a sua necessidade. “Temos mais de 134 milhões de substâncias químicas cadastradas no mundo, sintetizadas por químicos orgânicos ou substâncias inorgânicas. E estamos expostos a elas. Precisamos entender de que maneira podemos nos expor de uma forma segura, se não tivéssemos os agrotóxicos, uma boa parte da população mundial passaria fome. Precisamos fazer uso dessas substâncias para garantir o acesso aos alimentos em quantidade adequada”, ressaltou a estudiosa.
Foi discutido ainda com o público como informar sobre o tema, pois é um direito do indivíduo saber o que está bebendo e comendo. As investigações epidemiológicas e avaliações de riscos são importantes ferramentas para responder dados de doenças, como câncer.
Para a coordenadora da Câmara Técnica de Saúde Pública da ABES-SP e da Câmara Temática de Saúde Ambiental da ABES, Roseane Lopes Garcia de Souza, o evento foi importante, pois reuniu vários setores. “Academia, serviços, órgãos públicos, setor privado e ONGs são atores envolvidos na questão. Precisamos trabalhar juntos.”
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