Ciclo de debates, promovido em parceria com a ABES em comemoração ao Dia Mundial da Água, acontece até esta quarta-feira, dia 30
O presidente da Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – Seção São Paulo (ABES-SP), Alceu Guérios Bittencourt, foi um dos palestrantes do IV Seminário Internacional da ASEC – Água, seus Usos Múltiplos e Trabalho, promovido pela Associação dos Engenheiros e Especialistas da CETESB e do Meio Ambiente (ASEC), em parceria com ABES, nesta segunda-feira, 28. O evento, que acontece no auditório Augusto Ruschi da CETESB até quarta-feira, dia 30, é parte das comemorações do Dia Mundial da Água, que celebrado na última terça-feira, 22.
Alceu destacou em seu discurso de abertura que a água é um grande unificador de discussões sobre desenvolvimento econômico nas cidades, na produção agrícola, no meio ambiente. “A água junta muitas questões, e ao discuti-la discutimos um espectro grande da nossa atuação profissional.”
Reflexões sobre aprendizados
Na palestra, o presidente da ABES-SP abordou o tema ‘O Legado da Crise Hídrica’, destacando aspectos culturais e sociais ligados à compreensão e ao aprendizado dos brasileiros em relação à questão da água após vivenciar a escassez hídrica enfrentada nos últimos anos. “Vimos como evoluiu a opinião pública com relação ao assunto. Como evoluiu a própria abordagem da imprensa. O quanto houve de aprendizado com tudo que aconteceu”, pontuou.
O especialista reconheceu que há grande dificuldade de os jornalistas falarem sobre pontos específicos ligados ao tema da água. “A ABES, entre outras entidades, se empenhou muito em interagir com os profissionais de imprensa. O nosso esforço foi procurar transmitir informação técnica de modo compreensivo”, disse.
Para Alceu, os próprios profissionais de imprensa, de grandes jornais impressos, TV, rádio e internet também se emprenharam em aprender. “Vimos a evolução do tratamento da questão em termos de qualidade técnica das informações, como elas foram sendo percebidas e absorvidas. Isso é um legado muito importante para a sociedade brasileira’, salientou.
E completou que “hoje temos uma sociedade que compreende os problemas ligados à água de um modo diferente, mais rico, com mais conhecimento acumulado socialmente”.
O presidente das ABES-SP mencionou ainda que vários assuntos entraram na pauta da sociedade, não só a produção de água, abastecimento e situação de escassez, mas também a proteção de mananciais, a despoluição, mudança no padrão de consumo, água mais cara e perdas de água no sistema.
Esta última, segundo Alceu, ainda carece mais de atenção. “A compreensão social nas perdas ainda é muito pobre e é tratada como um desperdício, como se fosse uma coisa banal e incúria de quem opera o sistema e não com uma questão complexa que exige investimento alto e continuado, além de um padrão de gestão de serviços de alto nível para que se consiga avançar”, explicou.
Planejamento
Outro tópico relevando, neste cenário, conforme Alceu, é o planejamento ou a falta dele – mais uma lição que a crise hídrica deixou. “Essa luta dos profissionais para que suas ferramentas técnicas de planejamento, de previsão e de dimensionamento sejam compreendidas e efetivamente aplicadas é permanente em um país como o nosso”, frisou. “Sempre vemos o risco de, frente a questões imediatas, adiar as medidas de longo prazo, que não dão efeito visível para as pessoas, mas vão prevenir e capacitar as estruturas para enfrentar situações críticas. Foi um aprendizado. E temos, como profissionais, que usar esse aprendizado para que uma melhor técnica prevaleça”.
Contribuição da sociedade e das entidades
Para Carlos Roberto dos Santos, diretor da CETESB, que abriu os debates falando sobre “Engenharia e Qualidade das Águas”, o principal ponto positivo é a informação. “Divulgar para a comunidade científica, apresentar novas tecnologias, como anda a gestão dos recursos hídricos, quais são as estratégias, os instrumentos normativos mais recentes, tudo isso é importante para que tenhamos um bom conhecimento e um bom gerenciamento desse recurso tão importante que é a água”.
O especialista ressaltou a ágil movimentação do estado de São Paulo no enfrentamento à crise de escassez hídrica. “Trata-se de um estado de 41 milhões de habitantes, com metade dessa população concentrada na área urbana e os mananciais se esgotando. A reação foi extremamente rápida, em que pese o fato de que tivemos muitas chuvas, mas é válida a reflexão, especialmente para que não deixemos esta experiência cair no esquecimento. Obras de reparação e interligação dos reservatórios têm que ser concluídas, o estado tem que continuar se preparando, porque não é impossível acontecer de novo uma seca como tivemos. A reação de São Paulo foi rápida, mas é necessário fazer algo para evitarmos o transtorno que tivemos.”
Carlos Roberto dos Santos também destacou a participação da sociedade. “Foi fundamental para contornar a crise. Não fosse o empenho da população na economia, não teríamos conseguido passar esta fase. Por outro, temos que deixar algo para a sociedade, garantir o abastecimento de água, porque ainda há muita gente sofrendo com falta de disponibilidade de água. Por isso precisamos continuar trabalhando para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos.”
Devanir Garcia dos Santos, da Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), que falou sobre ‘A Governança da água’, frisou que o encontro foi uma oportunidade ímpar de discutir a questão. “São Paulo está saindo de um processo em que sentiu o que o Nordeste já conhecia bem, mas não parecia ser realidade aqui”, lembrou. “E agora é o momento de começarmos a refletir sobre o aprendizado, sobre tudo aquilo que podemos fazer para reequilibrar o sistema. É a oportunidade de se pensar no uso racional, no reúso, na conservação do solo, como formas de melhor alimentar o sistema e de gastar menos água no atendimento das demandas. ”
Giancarlo Gerli, do Fórum Mundial da Água, que fez uma explanação das ações prévias ao Fórum Mundial da Água, que será realizado em Brasília em 2018, destacou o papel da ABES na construção do evento internacional. “Tanto a ABES em âmbito nacional como a Seção São Paulo são membros do Conselho Mundial da Água. A experiência da ABES é fundamental. E isso se complementa com as outras entidades. São as entidades da sociedade civil que executarão os processos preparatórios para o Fórum Mundial da Água. Sem elas é impossível realizar um evento dessa magnitude”. E completou: “quando a sociedade não entende a importância da água, somente as entidades que possuem o conhecimento sobre o tema podem traduzir esta importância.”
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