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OMS decreta emergência sanitária mundial por zika vírus e microcefalia

01/02/2016 admin

A diretora-geral da OMS, Margaret Chan, fez o anúncio de emergência de saúde internacional nesta segunda-feira Foto: FABRICE COFFRINI / AFP

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) decretou nesta segunda-feira, 1 de fevereiro, estado de emergência sanitária mundial por conta da ameaça do zika vírus. O anúncio foi feito durante uma coletiva de imprensa em Genebra, na Suíça. A declaração, dada apenas em casos de ameaças globais, representa o maior nível de alerta da OMS.

O alerta surge principalmente em função da provável ligação entre o vírus e a microcefalia, que tem aumentado no Brasil. Há 270 casos confirmados em bebês brasileiros e 3.449 suspeitos desde 2015. O anúncio foi feito ao fim da primeira reunião do Comitê de Emergência sobre zika vírus da OMS.

“É necessária uma resposta internacional para minimizar essa ameaça nos países infectados e reduzir o risco de disseminação internacional”, disse a diretora-geral da OMS, Margaret Chan, informando que a concentração de quadros de malformação congênita em bebês e síndromes neurológicas em regiões afetadas pelo zika constituem “um evento extraordinário e uma ameaça à saúde pública de outras partes do mundo”.

Chan avaliou ainda que a ausência de uma vacina contra o zika e de testes de diagnóstico confiáveis, somados à falta de imunidade na população dos países afetados pelo vírus, constituem fatores de preocupação para a OMS.

O mais alto nível de alerta só havia sido dado em três outras ocasiões pela OMS: em 2009, com a epidemia da gripe H1N1; em maio de 2014, com o ressurgimento de uma forma de poliomielite na Síria e no Paquistão; e em agosto de 2014, devido ao ebola.

Sobre a doença:

Prevenção – Há vacinas em fase de teste, mas nenhuma no mercado.

Transmissão –  Por meio da picada do Aedes aegypti.

Diagnóstico – Pode ser feito por três tipos de exames, o mais comum deles é o teste sorológico, que detecta os anticorpos contra o vírus. O exame é feito no Rio Grande do Sul, pelo Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado (Lacen).

Tratamento – Não há tratamento específico para a doença, são tratados apenas os sintomas. A recomendação é que as pessoas se hidratem muito e fiquem em repouso. É recomendado ficar em casa e usar repelente, para evitar que mosquitos Aedes aegypti piquem a pessoa infectada e transmitam a doença para outros.

Medicação – Como não existem remédios específicos para o vírus, antivirais, são usados remédios apenas para tratar os sintomas, como antitérmicos para febres e analgésico para dores de cabeça ou no corpo. Remédios anticoagulantes, que podem causar hemorragias, são contraindicados.

Tempo do vírus – A infecção dura de dois a três dias até que comecem os sintomas. Depois do início dos sintomas, o vírus ainda permanece entre cinco a sete dias no corpo.

Alta – No quinto dia após o início dos sintomas, é preciso ir ao médico para nova avaliação. Caso a pessoa não apresente melhora, a doença pode levar à morte, pois pode haver perda de líquido e hemorragias internas e externas, o que pode levar à falência dos órgãos.

Veja o comunicado da OMS (em inglês): http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/emergency-committee-zika-microcephaly/en/

Fonte: ZH Notícias

212 Comentários em OMS decreta emergência sanitária mundial por zika vírus e microcefalia

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  207. Microcephaly is a birth defect characterized by a smaller-than-normal head size in infants, often associated with developmental issues and intellectual disabilities. There were concerns that the Zika virus, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, could be linked to an increased incidence of microcephaly in newborns when pregnant women were infected with the virus.

    The declaration of a PHEIC allowed the WHO to provide guidance to countries on how to detect, prevent, and manage Zika virus outbreaks, as well as to enhance research efforts to better understand the virus and its effects. It also encouraged international cooperation in developing and distributing vaccines, treatments, and diagnostics for Zika.
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    A PHEIC is a formal declaration by the WHO under the International Health Regulations (IHR) when an extraordinary event poses a public health risk to multiple countries and requires a coordinated international response. In the case of Zika, the declaration aimed to mobilize resources, increase research efforts, and coordinate global efforts to combat the spread of the virus and its potential consequences, including microcephaly.
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