A Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES lançou, oficialmente, nesta quarta-feira, 13, sua Câmara Temática de Dessalinização e Reúso, que tem coordenação do engenheiro Renato Giani Ramos. O evento de lançamento, que contou com palestra do Professor Ivanildo Hespanhol, diretor do Centro Internacional de Referência de Reúso de Água na USP e sumidade no tema do reúso no Brasil, ocorreu dentro da programação do Fórum “Cuidando do Futuro”, na Pollutec Brasil – da qual a ABES é parceira – no Anhembi, em São Paulo.
Em sua fala, Renato Ramos ressaltou a importância da Câmara, lembrando a crise hídrica que atingiu o Brasil entre 2014 e 2015. “Um dos princípios (da Câmara) é poder contribuir para a utilização de novos recursos hídricos frente às necessidades que temos visto ano após ano, dentro das diferentes regiões do Brasil. Vivemos recentemente uma crise hídrica no Sudeste, mas que o Nordeste continua vivendo e já vivia”, disse.
Conforme Renato, é preciso considerar as estatísticas que apontam uma população mundial de 8 bilhões de pessoas em 2030, o que significa um aumento de 30% no consumo de água. “Se não pensarmos em utilizar melhor os recursos hídricos em algum momento, não será somente a questão do clima que irá afetar a nossa condição de receber água. Então, temos de começar a utilizar a disponibilidade de recursos que estão ao nosso alcance. E o foco da dessalinização e do reúso visa justamente isso”, enfatizou.
As situações, no entanto, têm de passar por uma base de análise comparativa, conforme explicou o coordenador. “Não faz sentido trazer uma água do mar para São Paulo, mas faz sentido trabalhar no reúso, diferentemente de algumas capitais do Nordeste, que estão na Costa, onde, talvez, a questão da dessalinização seja mais favorável”, salientou. Do ponto de vista ambiental e humano, tanto o reúso como a dessalinização contribuem significativamente.”
Em relação à criação da Câmara e suas perspectivas, o coordenador ressalta que esta vai contribuir para trazer, técnica e socialmente, conhecimento de tal maneira que o reúso passe a ser um recurso que possa fazer parte de todo balanço hídrico que temos hoje no nosso meio ambiente.
Conservação e reúso de águas
Com a palestra “Panorama de Reúso de Água no Brasil”, o professor Ivanildo Hespanhol falou de maneira geral sobre o potencial do reúso de água, principalmente em termos de disponibilidade, no país. Neste contexto, ele abordou alguns tipos de reúso, tais como o industrial, o agrícola, os urbanos não-potáveis e potáveis diretos e indiretos.
Aqui no Brasil, para começar, explicou o professor, é preciso montar um grupo de especialistas para trabalhar particularmente as normas padrões e códigos de prática. “Precisa ter gente bastante capacitada e que acredite que norma é um instrumento de gestão, não um instrumento para ficar no papel sem aplicação”, frisou.
Segundo, Hespanhol, estes especialistas têm de ter uma visão de normas, sem copiar parâmetros de outros países, sem saber se eles são significativos para o Brasil. “Uma das coisas que teríamos de fazer é procurar elaborar uma norma no curto prazo que seja provisória e depois começar a fazer estudos epidemiológicos, toxicológicos. Porque toda norma que envolve saúde pública como poluição do ar, poluição da água, reúso de esgoto e disposição de lodo no solo tem seus grupos de risco e tem de ter uma proteção adequada”, afirmou.
Neste sentido, conforme ressaltou o professor, São Paulo tem uma norma associada às Secretarias da Saúde, do Meio Ambiente e de Recursos Hídricos, que depois de muita crítica foi revista pela Secretaria de Recursos do Estado e transformada em nacional (a norma será divulgada em breve). “Mesmo assim, tem de ser uma norma provisória, até que se tenha um estudo mais profundo para aquilo que queremos normatizar, identificando o potencial de reúso no país”, defendeu Hespanhol.
De acordo com o especialista, porém, o Brasil ainda tem desafios neste cenário. Ainda falta decisão política e falta os tomadores de decisão optarem pelo reúso. “Eles preferem trazer água de fora, gerar esgoto que não é tratado e evidentemente contribuem para a proliferação de vetores e, ainda assim, não se pensa em fazer tratamento de esgoto. Nós temos que mudar o paradigma. Conservação e reúso de água são as palavras chaves em termos de gestão de recursos hídricos”, concluiu.
Câmaras Temáticas e Técnicas da ABES: ampliando o debate
Para Maria Lucia Coelho Silva, articuladora das Câmaras Temáticas da ABES, que prestigiou o evento, “a Câmara vem ajudar a ABES e a Engenharia Sanitária a estudar as possibilidades de reúso e manutenção dos recursos hídricos, sem esquecer a importância do atendimento dos padrões de qualidade”. O papel das câmaras temáticas e técnicas da ABES, acrescentou, ainda, “é buscar dentro da própria associação todas as opiniões sobre determinado assunto, que ela se posicione sobre sua importância e necessidade.”
Outro ponto importante relacionado à criação de uma câmara, de acordo com Jussara Kalil Pires, vice-presidente da ABES-RS, que também esteve na cerimônia, é a “formação de redes de contatos, de uma cultura institucional relacionada ao tema. A câmara tem esse propósito de juntar as pessoas que atuam na área de se fortalecer e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar isso para quem está do lado de fora. O grande esforço de uma câmara da ABES é sua capacidade de expandir essas informações para quem não está pensando nisto, fazer esta tradução e divulgação.”
Saiba mais sobre a Câmara de Dessalinização e Reúso em http://abes-dn.org.br/?p=840
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