Por Ana Paula Rogers
De 5 a 7 de julho, a ABES reunirá em São Paulo alguns dos maiores especialistas do mundo em perdas de água no I Seminário Internacional de Controle de Perdas e Enfrentamento da Escassez Hídrica (saiba mais aqui).
Publicamos, a partir de hoje, entrevistas com os especialistas que palestrarão no seminário. Um dos convidados é Ronnie Mckenzie, engenheiro civil, Doutor pela Universidade de Strathclyde (Escócia), membro da IWA (International Water Association) e especialista em gestão de perdas de água, hidrologia, planejamento de recursos hídricos, operações e treinamento.
Falando ao Portal ABES Notícias, Mckenzie aborda a importância de realizar este encontro na América Latina. Leia a seguir:
ABES Notícias – O seminário acontecerá num momento interessante do Brasil, em que regiões como a Sudeste, onde encontra-se o estado de São Paulo, acabaram de superar uma fase de crise de escassez hídrica, que deixou muitas lições aos brasileiros sobre consciência de consumo de água e também lições de gestão. O tema das perdas de água passou a ser um dos mais abordados no país. Neste contexto, como o senhor vê a troca de informações entre especialistas internacionais e brasileiros no seminário?
Ronnie Mckenzie – O Brasil enfrenta muitos dos mesmos desafios que a maioria dos outros países em desenvolvimento, no que diz respeito ao abastecimento de água, e tem um dos maiores fornecedores de água do mundo (SABESP) responsável pelo abastecimento de água na região de São Paulo. Muitos dos gestores de recursos hídricos privados e governamentais no Brasil interagem com seus pares em nível internacional e partilham suas experiências por meio de várias conferências voltadas para perdas de água, apresentando regularmente estudos de caso do Brasil. O nível de especialização em perdas de água no Brasil é muito alto e os gestores de água e especialistas que trabalham no domínio da água são muito respeitados por seus pares em nível internacional. Visitei pessoalmente muitas das instalações de gestão de pressão e infraestrutura associada em São Paulo e fiquei muito impressionado com a qualidade e sofisticação das instalações. O Brasil enfrenta muitos desafios reais relativos ao fornecimento de água para sua crescente população e a redução das perdas de água será sempre um desafio fundamental devido ao envelhecimento da infraestrutura e uma ausência generalizada de financiamento para manutenção de rotina, que é um problema sério, não só nos países em desenvolvimento, mas em todos os demais países.
ABES Notícias – Que ações foram as mais importantes nos países ou nas grandes cidades que conseguiram significativas reduções nos seus índices de perdas? Que iniciativas técnicas ou gerenciais seriam mais adequadas ao cenário brasileiro?
Ronnie Mckenzie – Ao discutir as perdas de água, a maioria das pessoas imediatamente pensa que o conserto de vazamentos é a questão principal e, em alguns casos, a única questão. Em muitos casos, as fugas são um sintoma de outros problemas subjacentes, tais como envelhecimento dos tubos ou altas pressões de água. Assim como é muito importante encontrar e reparar todos os vazamentos o mais rapidamente quanto possível, muitas vezes é também necessário tentar reduzir a pressão da água e, em alguns casos, substituir partes da tubulação. A substituição da tubulação é frequentemente recomendada como uma das primeiras medidas para reduzir vazamentos, quando na verdade deveria ser o último recurso, uma vez que tende a ser uma das intervenções mais caras. Em muitas partes do mundo, reduzir a pressão da água é possível sem baixar o nível de serviço aos clientes e, em tais casos, pode ser altamente eficaz na redução de vazamentos e tem a vantagem adicional de prolongar a vida útil dos tubos. O Brasil é um dos países que reconheceu os benefícios do gerenciamento de pressão e é um dos líderes mundiais nesta área da redução de perdas de água. Redução de perdas de água não é um processo fácil ou rápido e em grandes cidades, como São Paulo, é necessária uma visão de longo prazo na qual as perdas de água são enfrentadas ao longo de 10 ou 20 anos durante o qual podem ser gradualmente reduzidas. Não há nenhuma solução rápida e é uma questão de começar do básico de forma certeira e daí desbravar esta questão tão difícil. Os gestores de recursos hídricos e especialistas em perdas de água em São Paulo têm sido ativos neste campo por muitos anos e têm feito um grande trabalho que temos visto sendo apresentado em conferências internacionais em todo o mundo.
ABES Notícias – Quais são suas expectativas em relação à sua participação neste seminário no Brasil?
Ronnie Mckenzie – Eu não espero me surpreender com o que eu vir no evento, já que sei que os gestores de recursos hídricos brasileiros são muito capazes e trabalham duro para reduzir as perdas de água, depois de uma das piores secas já registradas. Estou muito interessado em ouvir sobre quais medidas emergenciais foram introduzidas e quão bem sucedidas foram em reduzir a demanda de água. Como eu estou atualmente sediado na África do Sul, que está agora em seu quinto ano de seca e nossos principais reservatórios do sistema de armazenamento estão se aproximando de 50%. Também estamos procurando formas de reduzir a demanda de água e nossas perdas. Nossos sistemas e problemas são muito semelhantes aos do Brasil, como são os nossos níveis de consumo por residência e as perdas de água associadas. Muitas pequenas cidades na África do Sul introduziram recentemente o fornecimento intermitente como forma de reduzir o consumo de água, que eu acredito que pode não ser a abordagem mais adequada. Espero ganhar no evento um “insight” sobre as medidas de enfrentamento à escassez que foram introduzidas no Brasil para que possamos aprender com sua experiência recente. Espero que possa nos ajudar na África do Sul, uma vez que a seca começa a nos atingir com mais força.
Leia a entrevista de Michel Vermersch e Fátima Carteado
Leia a entrevistas de Roland Liemberger
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