Por Ana Paula Rogers
Michel Vermersch, um dos convidados do I Seminário Internacional de Controle de Perdas e Enfrentamento da Escassez Hídrica (saiba mais aqui), trabalha há mais de 50 anos no setor de hidráulica urbana em muitos países da Europa, África, Ásia e América Latina, além do Oriente Médio e Austrália. No Brasil, foi diretor de vários projetos de redução e controle de perdas, alguns no âmbito do Projeto de Modernização do Setor de Saneamento (PMSS). Michel é membro da Força Tarefa da Associação Internacional de Água (IWA) e foi presidente do grupo de trabalho da IWA sobre as perdas aparentes (Iniciativa de Perdas Aparentes). Também palestrante do seminário, Fátima Carteado atua há mais de 35 anos no setor de saneamento básico. Após ocupar diferentes posições de responsabilidade na empresa de águas e saneamento do estado da Bahia – Embasa (Brasil), trabalhou na Europa e em mais de quarenta países em todos os continentes. Fátima é membro do Grupo de Especialistas em Perdas de Água da IWA e da Iniciativa de Perdas Aparentes da IWA e está encarregada do Curso de Redução e Controle de Águas não Faturadas no mestrado “Água para Todos”, na Escola de Engenharia da AgroParisTech em Montpellier, na França, de 2009-2016. Juntos, os especialistas concederam a entrevista a seguir ao ABES Notícias:
ABES Notícias – O seminário acontecerá num momento interessante do Brasil, em que regiões como a Sudeste, onde encontra-se o estado de São Paulo, acabaram de superar uma fase de crise de escassez hídrica, que deixou muitas lições aos brasileiros sobre consciência de consumo de água e também lições de gestão. O tema das perdas de água passou a ser um dos mais abordados no país. Neste contexto, como o senhor vê a troca de informações entre especialistas internacionais e brasileiros no seminário?
Michel Vermersch – Em 2007, o Banco Mundial estimava a perda total em cerca de 35% dos volumes produzidos, em nível mundial. Em 2012, a situação média no Brasil era a seguinte: 36,9% para o Índice de perdas na distribuição e 35,5% como índice de perdas de faturamento. Significa que o Brasil estaria dentro da média mundial. Ocorre que no Brasil há situações muito diversas: das 30 empresas estaduais, 26 tem índices acima de 30%! É bom entender o porquê. Algumas empresas já são “do primeiro mundo”; outras ainda não saíram do estágio de subdesenvolvimento em termos de controle das perdas.
A minha experiência pessoal no Brasil começou no início dos anos noventa, quando assinei o meu primeiro contrato brasileiro com a SABESP. Desde este período, sempre considerei a SABESP como um dos maiores laboratórios do mundo em termos de combate às perdas de água. Desde então, nunca parei de acompanhar com o maior interesse as atuações da SABESP na área da redução das perdas.
Fátima Carteado – Efetivamente, o seminário acontece num momento interessante do Brasil, em que algumas regiões superaram uma grande escassez hídrica. Precisamos agora aplicar as lições aprendidas. A SABESP já compartilhou suas experiências ao nível nacional e internacional. O seminário é uma excelente oportunidade para compartilhar as experiências regionais e internacionais. É o interesse de cada um.
ABES Notícias – Que ações foram as mais importantes nos países ou nas grandes cidades que conseguiram significativas reduções nos seus índices de perdas? Que iniciativas técnicas ou gerenciais seriam mais adequadas ao cenário brasileiro?
Michel Vermersch e Fátima Carteado – Graças a organizações como a IWA (International Water Association) agora temos um conhecimento razoavelmente bom dos fenômenos que causam as perdas de água e dos resultados internacionais, uma vez que há estudos de avaliação comparativa (benchmarking). As grandes cidades e os países que alcançaram resultados significativos são aqueles que usam as mais recentes tecnologias, mas também aqueles que compreenderam a importância da gestão da mudança.
Sem entrar em explicações técnicas muito detalhadas, é importante dizer que os planos de ação de redução de perdas podem produzir resultados significativos somente quando uma série de condições são atendidas. No Brasil, o conhecimento dessas condições tem crescido graças a iniciativas como, por exemplo, o projeto Interaguas. Mas esse conhecimento ainda não impregna as condições de funcionamento de todas as empresas Saneamento Básico.
No cenário brasileiro, primeiro é necessário entender que o tratamento das perdas aparentes (comerciais) é tão importante quanto o tratamento das perdas reais (vazamentos). Deve-se entender também que nenhum resultado sustentável pode ser alcançado sem o desenvolvimento de cenários de um gerenciamento efetivo da “gestão da mudança”, incluindo todos os seus componentes. Estas questões tem sido consideradas nos projetos em curso de desenvolvimento no Brasil: Mudança Cultural, Mobilização Social, Treinamento e Motivação
ABES Notícias – Quais são suas expectativas em relação à sua participação neste seminário no Brasil?
Michel Vermersch – Acabo de saber que daqui a pouco vou coordenar um importante projeto de redução de perdas financiado pelo Banco Mundial em dois estados do Brasil. A contratação tem por objetivo geral fortalecer técnica e institucionalmente os prestadores de serviços para atuarem nos mecanismos de gestão; controle operacional e manutenção hidráulica; gerenciamento integrado das perdas reais e aparentes de água e do uso eficiente de energia elétrica; mobilização e qualificação das pessoas; planejamento; dentre outros itens importantes.
Trata-se de uma assistência técnica especializada nas ações de gestão das perdas de água e uso eficiente de energia elétrica em sistemas de abastecimento de água para empresas prestadoras dos serviços de abastecimento de água, prestadores, visando à transferência de conhecimento e à implementação de metodologias de gestão eficiente de água e energia elétrica, tendo como referência: o Projeto COM+ÁGUA e os marcos conceituais definidos pela Força Tarefa da IWA para perdas de água.
Neste âmbito, é muito importante para mim participar deste seminário internacional da ABES, para compartilhar as nossas experiencias e ter um maior conhecimento do que nossos colegas estão fazendo no Brasil de realidades tão diversas assim como nos países vizinhos.
Leia a entrevistas de Roland Liemberger.
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