O painel 2 do 1º Simpósio Nacional sobre Dessalinização e Reúso: Viabilizando Alternativas à Escassez Hídrica, que aconteceu em Fortaleza/CE, nesta quinta, 23, reuniu especialistas para debater o tema “Operação, Manutenção e Uso de Plantas de Dessalinização ou Reúso”. O evento foi promovido pela Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES na capital cearense, em parceria com a ABES Seção Ceará e a Câmara Temática Dessalinização e Reúso da ABES.
O encontro é uma das etapas preparatórias para o Congresso ABES Fenasan 2017, o maior encontro de Saneamento Ambiental das Américas, que será promovido em São Paulo de 2 a 6 de outubro (saiba mais aqui).
Coordenado e mediado por Alexander Fortin, da CH2M Hill, o painel foi aberto com a apresentação do argentino Pablo Tojo, da GRUNDFOS Holding S/A. O especialista discorreu sobre o tema “Viabilizando o Uso de Plantas Móveis e Pequenos Sistemas de Baixo Custo para o Fornecimento de Água Potável”. Tojo apresentou um sistema parecido com um caixa eletrônico no qual é possível pagar a tarifa, o que ajuda na segurança do pagamento. E falou sobre a Grundfos AQpure, uma estação de tratamento de água compacta e automatizada que usa a tecnologia de ultrafiltração (membrana) para produzir água potável a partir da superfície ou de fontes de água bruta. “Um sistema móvel que poderia ser usado em diversos lugares do Brasil, principalmente no semiárido”, segundo Alexander Fortin.
Fabian Fenóglio, da SUEZ, ministrou a palestra “Operação e Manutenção de Plantas de Dessalinização”. Ele apresento a experiência com diversas plantas ao redor do mundo, como projetos nas Antigas, nos Emirados Árabes, em uma mineração do Chile, em Barcelona e na Austrália. Abordou pontos como modelos contratuais, aliança, operação e manutenção, tempo de construção que cada uma dessas plantas necessita para ficar pronta, a complexidade no processo de tratamento e suas variações, que depende da qualidade inicial da água do mar, da concentração de sais. Fabian mostrou muitas fotos, o que, segundo o coordenador do painel, Alexander Fortin, possibilitou que o público tivesse a percepção do quão complexo é o processo de dessalinização. O coordenador lembrou ainda da importância da redundância (ter mais de um equipamento nos processos para assegurar o abastecimento) e também que plantas, principalmente na Austrália e na Espanha, utilizam energias renováveis, em especial a solar e a eólica. No caso Austrália, até mesmo a energia das ondas é utilizada para reduzir o consumo energético ou mitigá-lo por meio de fontes renováveis.
A terceira palestra do painel foi apresentada por Sérgio Hilsdorf, da Veolia Water Technologies. Ele abordou a “Dessalinização como Alternativa à Escassez Hídrica”. Foram destacados diversos aspectos técnicos de operação e manutenção de plantas de dessalinização relacionadas, inicialmente, à importância do pré-tratamento como um ponto chave nesta questão. Neste sentido, o especialista falou acerca da operação de osmose reversa, fluxo, energia – parâmetros que são monitorados e também o pós-tratamento. Isso é importante porque a água após ser dessalinizada precisa ter seu PH ajustado para não causar corrosão nas tubulações de concreto no sistema de distribuição.
Para Alexander Fortin, de forma geral o painel foi muito positivo. “Acredito que a diversidade dos palestrantes contribuiu bastante. Cada um abordou um assunto diferente sem terem coordenado isso entre si. Foi muito rico o que foi dado ao público presente. Passou uma visão geral não só das complexidades na operação e manutenção, como também dos aspectos relacionados à energia, custos e importância pré e pós-tratamento”, conclui.
Leia também:
Painel debate financiamentos e planos voltados para a reutilização da água
Debates sobre o tema reforçam que o Brasil ainda tem muito para avançar
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